16 October 2024

3 minute read

By: Kansas State Research and Extension

Anyone who remembers the COVID-19 pandemic may have a heightened sense of concern with news stories announcing traces of the influenza virus have been appearing in unexpected places.

In a recent Cattle Chat podcast, Kansas State University veterinarians share their educational insight to explain how highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAI) is transmitted and what that might mean for cattle operations.

“[HPAI] is a virus. Most viruses don’t cross species, but the influenza virus is one that will move between birds and pigs, and occasionally other animals, including humans,” K-State veterinarian Bob Larson says.

K-State veterinarian Brian Lubbers adds: “It is called highly pathogenic avian virus because in birds there is a high mortality rate …. It often moves from wild birds that bring it through the flyways to commercial poultry operations, and that can lead to a high death loss.”

Earlier this year, the virus was detected in dairy cattle operations, causing what the American Association of Bovine Practitioners has labeled bovine influenza A virus (BIAV).

“With this particular outbreak, we’ve seen it cross over to cattle, usually at low levels, and that is something we haven’t identified before,” Larson says.

So far, the dairy cattle have had a different experience with the virus compared to how a typical virus might affect them, Lubbers says.

“Usually, viruses in dairy cattle are more likely to impact cows in early lactation, when there is some immunosuppression around the time of calving,” he explains. “But, with this virus, it seems to be associated with cows in midlactation, with the primary clinical signs being high fever and decreased milk production.”

Veterinarians can confirm the presence of the virus through testing.

“Identifying the virus means that viral genetic material has been detected by a PCR test or a genome-sequencing test,” Lubbers explains.

K-State veterinarian Brad White adds: “Many of these tests pick up on the genetic components, but that doesn’t necessarily mean there is a live virus in the animals or anything else that we test, such as milk or meat.”

So, what should a beef producer do with this information?

“Beef producers need to recognize that diseases are complex, and it takes time to figure them out,” Larson says. “Right now, we still have a lot to learn about this virus in cattle.”

As part of that cautionary step, governmental agencies are putting restrictions on cattle movements.

“USDA APHIS (Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service) has developed regulations regarding interstate movement of lactating dairy cattle, so it is important to work with your local veterinarian to get the latest information prior to shipping animals from the dairy,” Lubbers says.

He also advises producers to have a heightened awareness of what is happening on their operations.

“If you notice a large die-off of wild birds, that would be something to notify someone about,” Lubbers says. “Also, if your herd has some positive tests, it would be good to monitor the workers in the operation closely.”

To hear the full discussion, listen to Cattle Chat on your preferred streaming platform or go directly to the episode here.

Editor's note: Headline image courtesy of K-State Beef Cattle Institute.